Monday, July 26, 2010

Newton - A "Relative" of Einstein

While answering the query of a school kid recently pertaining to the Law of gravitation, I started thinking a bit more about Newtons laws of motion. One thing led to another and a thought experiment now seems to suggest to me that Newton may have unknowingly laid down the foundation for the Special Theory of Relativy in some sense. This is a very crude comparison in some senses but nevertheless it seems interesting (well to me atleast :-))
Here is what I have come up with.
We all know that Newtons law says that F=ma i.e The force is equal to the product of the mass and the acceleration of a body. Viewed in terms of an objects relation to the force of gravity, this also leads to the definition of "Weight" which is w = mg and here g being the acceleration due to gravity.
In essense thus, the acceleration of a body can be thought of as contributing to its weight. Acceleration on the other hand implies an addition of energy to the system. Thus, adding energy to a body by accelerating it in some sense increases the weight of the body and hence necessitates addition of higher amounts of energy to maintain the acceleration. This is also refelected by the Inertia of Motion exhibited by a body.
Looking at this from a different viewpoint, it appears that the addition of energy to a system and trying to increase its acceleration will in some respect manifest as an increased weight of the system. (E=mc2.. wink :-) )
So the next logical qusestion would be what the limiting condition is i.e how much energy can be added to the system so that its weight (mass) becomes so large that no amount of energy can accelerate it further. What Einstein found is this limit and gave us the exact relation between mass and energy.

Saturday, July 10, 2010

Chaos Theory - One dimension Logistic map (Excel)

Chaos Theory - Pretty interesting stuff and somehow very profound. It is yet another of those mathematical models which goes against the very grain of mathematics itself (well the 19th century view of mathematics to be precise).
Mathematics has always been regarded as the holiest of the scientific subjects owing to its inherent properties of being testable, predictable and deterministic. It was natural to assume that if something could be described mathematically then there would remain no surprises and it made perfect sense. Then maths got complicated!
1) Probability Theory - Here, after rigorous mathematical somersaults all you would end up with is the probability of the occurrence of an event not a certainty. Though it can be argued that it does limit the range of possible outcomes and hence is deterministic in some sense.
2) Quantum Theory - My favorite ! The uncertainty principle virtually guarantees that no matter what instrument is used it is impossible to determine the position and momentum simultaneously. Then of course there is the "Measurement problem" the mention of which will send shivers down any Physicists spine. To put it bluntly, if you set up an experiment to measure something like a Photon as a particle then you will detect it as a particle. An experiment set up to detect it as a wave will detect it as a wave. Funny isnt it? :-)
Well thats how the collapsible wave function of gauge boson behaves..deal with it. So essentially here mathematics has determined that you cannot determine.
3) Chaos Theory - Perhaps the most counter intuitive of all theories. Seemingly innocuous linear equations display behavior that is very surprising. I was trying to model the one dimension logistic map equation which is incidentally one of the good example of deterministic chaos. This equation is also very intriguing because this has wide uses in fields as diverse as ecology! ( Population Growth model) . In essence this equation has a very high dependency on the initial conditions and the behavior changes drastically with changes in initial conditions.
The linked spreadsheet has the equation embedded and plots a graph of 200 points based on the input value of the scaling parameter k ( Sheet: Input, Cell: A8). I have put down the ranges of k that induces different behavior from the same equation. Have fun trying it out for yourselves.
Also, Wolframs Mathematica has done a better job of modeling this equation so if you want to try out a widget which allows a greater control of parameters as well as a mean square minimized error then please refer the Wolfram Demonstration Project

And to think, our universe Probably started from Chaotic conditions on a scale that necessitates the existence of Quantum effects.

If God exists he must be ROFLing now.. couldnt have made it more puzzling. :-)